Basic Components of Motors

I. Core Structural Components

Motors are primarily composed of two core components: the stator (stationary part) and the rotor (rotating part), supplemented by auxiliary components such as air gaps, bearings, and end covers, which collectively facilitate the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy.

1)Stator

Stator Core: Made of laminated silicon steel sheets to reduce eddy current losses and serves as part of the motor's magnetic circuit.

Stator Windings: Wound from copper or aluminum wires and embedded in the core slots. When energized, they generate a magnetic field (a rotating magnetic field in AC motors and a fixed magnetic field in DC motors).

Frame: Secures the stator core and end covers, supports the rotor, and provides protection and heat dissipation.

End Covers: Fixed at both ends of the stator to protect internal components, prevent foreign objects from entering, and support the bearings.

2)Rotor

Rotor Core: Also laminated from silicon steel sheets, serving as part of the magnetic circuit and housing the rotor windings.

Rotor Windings:

DC Motors: Current direction alternates via a commutator to produce continuous torque.

AC Induction Motors: Comprise short-circuit rings or conductor bars that generate current through electromagnetic induction.

AC Synchronous Motors: Energized with DC to form fixed magnetic poles that rotate synchronously with the stator's rotating magnetic field.

Permanent Magnet Motors: Embedded with permanent magnets (e.g., neodymium iron boron) that require no external excitation.

Shaft: Connects the rotor to external machinery, transmitting torque, and must possess high strength and dynamic stability.

3)Air Gap

A small gap between the stator and rotor that ensures efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy while reducing friction and energy losses.

4)Auxiliary Components

Bearings: Support rotor rotation, reduce friction, and are classified into rolling bearings (ball bearings, roller bearings) and sliding bearings.

Fans and Fan Covers: Force air circulation to accelerate heat dissipation (especially for high-power motors).

Commutator and Brushes (DC Motor Specific): The commutator, composed of copper segments, works with brushes to switch current direction.

Encoders: Provide speed and position feedback signals for precise control (e.g., in servo motors).

Protection Devices: Such as overload protectors and short-circuit protectors, prevent motor damage.

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Note:‌ This article is contributed by sales department